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Water: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions), by John Finney
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Water dominates the surface of Earth and is vital to life on our planet. It is a remarkable liquid which shows anomalous behaviour. In this Very Short Introduction John Finney introduces the science of water, and explores how the structure of water molecules gives rise to its physical and chemical properties. Considering water in all three of its states as ice and steam as well as liquid, Finney explains the great importance of an understanding of its structure and behaviour to a range of fields including chemistry, astrophysics, and earth and environmental sciences. Finney describes the role of water in biology, and ends with a discussion of of the outstanding controversies concerning water, and some of the 'magical' properties which have been claimed for it.
ABOUT THE SERIES:
The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
- Sales Rank: #559781 in Books
- Published on: 2015-11-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 4.40" h x .50" w x 6.70" l, .34 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 144 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
The critical substance…
By John P. Jones III
One of the very first scientific books I ever read – and it was in 9th grade – was devoted exclusively to water. In the intervening half century plus, a few thing have changed – hum – including our knowledge that water – even in liquid form – is on other units in our solar system, most notably, on Europa, a moon of Jupiter. I’ve been quite pleased with the “A very short introduction” series, so I decided to update my knowledge with this volume, also devoted exclusively to this critical substance.
John Finney, the author, has been studying water even before I was in 9th grade. As he says in the preface, in the 1950’s, we really did not understand how molecules are arranged in liquids. The title to the first chapter – Water, Water, Everywhere… is taken from Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s famous poem. And we now know that water is quite prevalent not only in the solar system, but in the universe. Yet, still, how it came to earth, and how it is distributed here, is one of the more intractable problems in geochemistry. It was not until the second half of the 19th century that Lavoisier determined that water was composed of one atom of oxygen, and two atoms of hydrogen.
104.52 degrees. Please note the precision by which we can measure things today, thanks to some megabuck instruments. That is the angle between the two hydrogen atoms that are attached to the oxygen atom, with a distance of .0957 nanometers separating each H from the O. “Normally.” That angle provides polarity to each molecule, and thus water is an effective dissolvent for many substances. And as Finney will discuss in extensive detail, coupled with some good illustrations, that angle is very close to the tetrahedral angle of 109. 5 degrees, and how the water molecules bond with each other is ultimately why ice floats on liquid water, instead of sinking to the bottom, as most substances would, with the colder a substance becomes, the more it contracts.
Though Finney does not specifically mention it, purportedly the Eskimos have a 100 different words for snow. Well, by 2014, there have been at least 16 different forms of ice identified, some of which are “metastable.” The different internal forms in the structure of ice have come about by varying the pressure and the temperature, and the speed at which the temperature changes. I felt this must have been one of his areas of specialization, and found that chapter a bit too detailed and tedious.
Finney does provide a good chapter on what was not known in the ‘50’s, emphasizing that liquids really are neither gases nor solids, and have their own internal dynamics. And in regards to ice, if you want to know what “amorphous polymorphism” is, you’ll have to read the book. 46 degrees Celsius is another key number – it is the temperature of water when it is most compressed, and there is an instructive graph on this issue also.
I found the last chapter on past and current controversies surrounding water to be particularly fascinating, including the theory that water might have “memory,” and it is to the author’s credit that he was willing to consider that when one particular experiment was not working out. And there was “polywater,” discovered by researchers in the Urals in the ‘60’s. Even the author seemed to create some – and with a wry self-deprecating sense of humor, Finney reveals that what he thought was “polywater” was actually oil contaminates for his experimental apparatus.
A good update to my knowledge, with a couple of areas being far too detailed, perhaps meant only for fellow specialists. Overall, 4-stars.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Water - who knew it could be so complex?
By fitzalling
Professor Finney knows water and conveys his knowledge well. As a non-expert, I had never considered the effect of the geometric structure of a molecule or the effect of its electric charge on the manner in which it interacted with other molecules and matter. The effect of geometry and electric charge on water's molecular properties intrigued me. That liquids are more complex than gases or solids provided the challenge for much of Professor Finney's career in academia. He was most gracious to his mentors for guiding him in the initial part of his career..
The book delves into the laws of gases and solids as they affect water. Water in its liquid state challenged scientists during much of the early to mid-20th century. Dr. Finney describes the process by which he and others came to realize that the laws that controlled water molecules in their gaseous or solid state did not accurately describe water molecules in a liquid state. If you are interested in the scientific method, this should interest you.
The book also describes the many forms that ice can take depending on pressure and temperature. The particular geometric shape of the water molecule gives it some of its valuable properties such as being an exceptional solvent. He details the bonding characteristics of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. These then afffect how water molecules bond with each other and how these bonds are affected by pressure and temperature.
There are a number of drawings showing the tetrahedral arrangement of the atoms in the water molecule. Other drawings show water molecules under various conditions. Tables also provide information on such matters as amorphous ice.
I gave the book 4 stars because I can't decide for whom the book is written. If you think that the book will discuss water conservation or water supplies at locales around the earth, you will not find much of interest. If you are already well versed in molecular structures, then the book probably won't tell you much you don't already know. The idea that water could be a biomolecule was new and may be useful to a reader with an interest in biology. Perhaps if you have a high school student who is considering a scientific career. then this book might provide inspiration from Professor Finney's career and the topic itself. As always, these "Very Short Introduction" are not to be taken lightly. If you have a generaly interest in science sa I do, I recommend the book.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Very nice book for those interested in liquid state physics and ...
By Amazon Customer
Very nice book for those interested in liquid state physics and the intricacies of water in particular. I would especially recommend for readers who like to think about molecular biology/biochemistry from a physical point of view.
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